leonardo da vinci,Leonardo Da Vinci英文介绍

达 芬奇：
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian polymath: architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, mathematician, musician, scientist, and painter. He has been described as the archetype of the "Renaissance man", a man infinitely curious and equally inventive. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time, and perhaps the most intelligent and capable man to ever have lived.

He was born and raised in Vinci, Italy. Leonardo is famous for his realistic paintings, such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, as well as for influential drawings such as the Vitruvian Man. He conceived ideas vastly ahead of his own time, notably conceptually inventing a helicopter, a tank, the use of concentrated solar power, a calculator, a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics, the double hull, and many others. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were feasible during his lifetime; modern scientific approaches to metallurgy and engineering were only in their infancy during the Renaissance. In addition, he greatly advanced the state of knowledge in the fields of anatomy, astronomy, civil engineering, optics, and the study of water (hydrodynamics). Of his works, only a few paintings survive, together with his notebooks (scattered among various collections) containing drawings, scientific diagrams and notes.

Leonardo had no surname in the modern sense; "da Vinci" simply means "from Vinci". His full birth name was "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci", meaning "Leonardo, son of (Mes)ser Piero from Vinci."


Professional life
The earliest known dated work of Leonardo's is a drawing done in pen and ink of the Arno valley, drawn on 5 August 1473. It is assumed that he had his own workshop between 1476 and 1478, receiving two orders during this time.

From around 1482 to 1498, Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan , employed Leonardo and permitted him to operate his own workshop, complete with apprentices. It was here that seventy tons of bronze that had been set aside for Leonardo's "Gran Cavallo" horse statue (see below) was cast into weapons for the Duke in an attempt to save Milan from the French under Charles VIII in 1495.

When the French returned under Louis XII in 1498, Milan fell without a fight, overthrowing Sforza . Leonardo stayed in Milan for a time, until one morning when he found French archers using his life-size clay model of the "Gran Cavallo" for target practice. He left with Salai, his assistant and intimate, and his friend Luca Pacioli (the first man to describe double-entry bookkeeping) for Mantua, moving on after 2 months to Venice (where he was hired as a military engineer), then briefly returning to Florence at the end of April 1500.

In Florence he entered the services of Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI, acting as a military architect and engineer; with Cesare he travelled throughout Italy. In 1506 he returned to Milan, now in the hands of Maximilian Sforza after Swiss mercenaries had driven out the French.

From 1513 to 1516, he lived in Rome, where painters like Raphael and Michelangelo were active at the time, though he did not have much contact with these artists. However, he was probably of pivotal importance in the relocation of David (in Florence), one of Michelangelo's masterpieces, against the artist's will. Most of his most prominent pupils or followers in painting either knew or worked with him in Milan, including Marco D'Oggione[1], Bernardino Luini, and Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio.


Leonardo da Vinci tomb in Saint Hubert Chapel (Amboise).In 1515, François I of France retook Milan, and Leonardo was commissioned to make a centrepiece (a mechanical lion) for the peace talks between the French king and Pope Leo X in Bologna, where he must have first met the King. In 1516, he entered François' service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Lucé (also called "Cloux"; now a museum open to the public) next to the king's residence at the royal Chateau Amboise, where he spent the last three years of his life. The King granted Leonardo and his entourage generous pensions: the surviving document lists 1,000 écus for the artist, 400 for Count Francesco Melzi, (his pupil and allegedly one of the great loves of his life, named as "apprentice"), and 100 for Salai ("servant"). In 1518 Salai left Leonardo and returned to Milan, where he eventually perished in a duel. François became a close friend. Some twenty years after Leonardo's death, François told the artist Benevenuto Cellini that he believed that "No man had ever lived who had learned as much about sculpture, painting, and architecture, but still more that he was a very great philosopher."


Clos Lucé, in France where Leonardo died in 1519.Leonardo died at Clos Lucé, France, on 2nd May, 1519 (Romantic legend said that he died in François' arms). According to his wish, 60 beggars followed his casket. He was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in the castle of Amboise. Although Melzi was his principal heir and executor, Salai was not forgotten; he received half of Leonardo's vineyards.

英文名的读音是'vinsi Vinci 读音：['vinsi] n. 达芬奇（意大利的著名美术家、雕刻家、科学家、建筑家） 例句：Just as most people have that man or woman in their lives who got away, da Vinci had an entire body of water. 就像是大多数人生命中都有一个背弃自己的男人或女人，而达芬奇的那个女人是一汪河水。 扩展资料： 达芬奇的全名是列奥纳多·迪·皮耶罗·达·芬奇（意大利语：Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci）；1452年4月15日—1519年5月2日），是整个欧洲文艺复兴时期的代表之一。 现代学者称他为“文艺复兴时期最完美的代表”，是人类历史上绝无仅有的全才，他最大的成就是绘画，他的杰作《蒙娜丽莎》《最后的晚餐》《岩间圣母》等作品，体现了他精湛的艺术造诣。他认为自然中最美的研究对象是人体，人体是大自然的奇妙之作品，画家应以人为绘画对象的核心。 参考资料来源：百度百科-达·芬奇

On Tuesday August 11th, 1911, a young artist, Louis Beraud,
arrived at the Louvre（卢浮宫） in Paris to complete a painting of the Salon
Carre（卡雷沙龙，卢浮宫的画廊名）. This was the room where the world 's most famous painting,
the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci（列奥那多·达·芬奇）, was on display. To his surprise
there was an empty space where the painting should have been. At 11 o'clock the
museum authorities realized that the painting had been stolen. The next day
headlines all over the world announced the theft.
这一天是1911年8月11日，星期二，一位年轻的艺术家路易斯·贝劳德来到了巴黎卢浮宫的卡雷沙龙画廊完成一幅油画，在这条画廊里陈列着世界上最著名的油画——列奥纳多·达·芬奇创作的《蒙娜丽莎》。令路易斯感到吃惊的是，本该挂着油画的地方却是空空荡荡的。中午11时博物馆馆方意识到这幅名画已经被盗了。第二天全球各大报刊的头条新闻都报道了《蒙娜丽莎》被盗的消息。
Actually the Leonardo had been gone for more than twenty-four hours
before anyone noticed it was missing. The museum was always closed on Mondays
for maintenance（维修）. Just before closing time on Sunday three men had entered
the museum, where they had hidden themselves in a storeroom. The actual theft
was quick and simple. Early the next morning Perrugia removed the painting from
the wall while the others kept watch. Then they went out a back exit.
实际上，直到达·芬奇的这幅画被盗24小时后才有人发现此事。每逢星期一卢浮宫都要闭馆例行保养文物。就在星期天，有三个人进入了博物馆并藏在贮藏室里。他们的盗窃行动迅速而简单，第二天一大早，三个盗贼之一佩鲁吉亚从墙上取下《蒙娜丽莎》，其余两个为他望风，然后他们从后门溜走逃得无影无踪了。
Nothing was seen or heard of the painting for two years when Perrugia
tried to sell it to a dealer for half a million lire（里拉）. Perrugia was arrested
on December 13th. Perrugia claimed he had stolen it as an act of
patriotism（爱国主义）, because, he said, the painting had been looted from the
Italian nation by Napoleon（拿破仑）. Perrugia was imprisoned for seven months. It
seemed that the crime of the century had been solved.
《蒙娜丽莎》在被盗后的两年间一直杳无音迅，直到有一天佩鲁吉亚想以50万里拉卖给一个文物贩子时，人们才重新见到它。佩鲁吉亚于1913年12月13日被捕，他宣称偷《蒙娜丽莎》之举完全是出于爱国心。他说，卢浮宫的这幅画是被拿破仑从意大利抢劫来的。佩鲁吉亚为此被判了7个月的监禁，看来这个世纪奇案好像是解决了。
But had it? Perrugia was keen to claim all responsibility for the theft,
and it was twenty years before the whole story came out. In fact Perrugia had
been working for two master criminals, Valfierno and Chaudron, who went
unpunished for their crime. They would offer to steal a famous painting from a
gallery for a crooked（不诚实的） dealer or an unscrupulous（肆无忌惮的） private collector.
They would then make a copy of the picture and, with the help of bribed gallery
attendants（服务员）, would then tape the copy to the back of the original（原始的）
painting. The dealer would then be taken to the gallery and would be invited to
make a secret mark on the back of the painting. Of course the dealer would
actually be marking the copy. Valfierno would later produce forged（伪造） newspaper
cuttings announcing the theft of the original, and then produce the copy,
complete with secret marking. If the dealer were to see the painting still in
the gallery, he would be persuaded that it was a copy, and that he possessed the
genuine（真正的） one.
果真如此吗?佩鲁吉亚试图把这次盗窃案的全部责任都揽到自己身上。直到二十年后，整个事件的真相才大白于天下。事实上，佩鲁吉亚一直在为两个犯罪头目瓦尔菲尔诺和肖德龙工作。在这个案件中，另两个家伙一直逍遥法外。瓦尔菲尔诺和肖德龙经常从陈列馆偷窃名画提供给*诈的商人或肆无忌惮的私人收藏家。他们先制作名画的赝品，然后向博物馆的工作人员行贿，以便在博物馆工作人员的协助下将伪造品粘在原作的背后，尔后他们再将文物贩子带到陈列室，并要他在要买的那幅画的背面做上秘密的记号。当然，事实上文物贩子只是在赝品的背面作记号。在此之后，瓦尔菲尔诺就伪造一些剪报宣称原作被盗，然后拿出带有秘密记号的赝品。如果买画的贩子看见画仍然在展出，偷盗者将说服他相信展出的画是赝品，而卖给他的才是真正的原作。
Chaudron then painted not one, but six copies of the Mona Lisa, using
400-year-old wood panels from antique Italian furniture. The forgeries（赝品） were
carefully aged, so that the varnish（光泽） was cracked and dirty. Valfierno
commissioned Perrugia to steal the original, and told him to hide it until
Valfierno contacted him. Perrugia waited in vain in a tiny room in Paris with
the painting, but heard nothing from his partners in crime. They had gone to New
York, where the six copies were already in store. They had sent them there
before the original was stolen. At that time it was quite common for artists to
copy old masters, which would be sold quite honestly（合法的） as imitations（仿造品）, so
there had been no problems with US Customs. Valfierno went on to sell all six
copies for '300,OOO each. Valfierno told the story to a journalist in 1914, on
condition that it would not be published until his death.
肖德龙不仅伪造了一幅，而是六幅《蒙娜丽莎》。他用400年前古意大利老家具做油画板，所有赝品均经过了细心的老化处理，以使油画表面产生裂缝显得不干净。瓦尔菲尔诺指派佩鲁吉亚盗走《蒙娜丽莎》的真品并叫他躲藏起来直到与他取得联系。佩鲁吉亚一直带者那幅画首在巴黎的一间小屋里，可是他却一直未见同伙们的踪迹。原来瓦尔菲尔诺和肖德龙早已跑到了纽约，那里储存着六幅《蒙娜丽莎》的赝品。他们在原作被盗前就已将赝品运到了美国。在那个时代，艺术家们复制已故大师的作品是司空见惯的事情，而且复制品还能够合法地在市场上进行交易，因此复制品可以毫不费力地通过美国海关。在美国瓦尔菲尔诺以每幅300，000美元的价格陆续将这六幅《蒙娜丽莎》赝品出售。1914年瓦尔菲尔诺将事件真相透露给了一位记者，条件是只有等到他死后才能将此事公之于众。
Does the story end there? Collectors have claimed that Perrugia returned
a copy. It is also possible that Leonardo may have painted several versions of
the Mona Lisa, or they might be copies made by Leonardo's pupils. There has been
a lot of controversy and argument about a 450-year-old painting, but after all,
maybe that's what she's smiling about.
事情就此了解了吗?收藏专家们宣称佩鲁吉亚还回的《蒙娜丽莎》或许是赝品。或许当初达·芬奇创作了几个不同版本的《蒙娜丽莎》；或许这些《蒙娜丽莎》皆为达·芬奇的学生们制作的复制品。因此迄今为止人们对于这幅有着450年左右历史的名画，仍有着诸多的争议。也许，这就是蒙娜丽莎微笑的原因吧!

Leonardo da Vinci
（达）芬奇(1452-1519，意大利文艺复兴时期伟大画家，雕刻家，建筑学家);

以上结果来自金山词霸

例句:

1.
Famous nappers have included bill clinton lance armstrong leonardo da vinci and thomasedison.
爱打瞌睡的人


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达·芬奇是列奥纳多·迪·皮耶罗·达·芬奇，意大利著名画家、科学家，与拉斐尔、米开朗基罗并称意大利文艺复兴三杰，也是整个欧洲文艺复兴时期的代表之一。 达芬奇是一位思想深邃，学识渊博、多才多艺的画家、寓言家、雕塑家、发明家、哲学家、音乐家、医学家、生物学家、地理学家、建筑工程师和军事工程师。 现代学者称他为“文艺复兴时期最完美的代表”，是人类历史上绝无仅有的全才，他最大的成就是绘画，他的杰作《蒙娜丽莎》、《最后的晚餐》等作品，体现了他精湛的艺术造诣。他认为自然中最美的研究对象是人体，人体是大自然的奇妙之作品，画家应以人为绘画对象的核心。 扩展资料： 在美术方面，达芬奇总结了15世纪艺术家的研究成果，在绘画构图、明暗、透视、色彩等方面都有所建树。尤其是他创立的明暗法，完全抛弃了15世纪用呆板的轮廓线勾画形象的方法，而是用明暗烘托，让形象从深暗的背景中浮现出来，增加了画面的生动感和空间感。 达芬奇研究大气与色彩的关系，发明了“薄雾法”（即空气透视法），让远景沐浴在淡蓝的空气中，绘画的透视关系变得更正确更完善。 达芬奇在美术理论方面也有许多卓越的见解，人们从他遗留的大量手稿笔记中整理出《绘画论》，这本书集中体现了他的美学思想。书中提出著名的镜子说，认为绘画优于其他任何艺术，因为它包容了世间的一切，画家的心就像镜子一样能真实地反映这个世界，把普遍的自然变为第二自然。 参考资料：百度百科-达芬奇

个人简介：达·芬奇是列奥纳多·迪·皮耶罗·达·芬奇 (意大利文原名:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci)的简称，出生于儒略历1452年4月15日(公历4月23日)，毕业于意大利理工学院，1519年5月2日逝世，是意大利学者、艺术家。欧洲文艺复兴时期的天才科学家、发明家、画家。现代学者称他为"文艺复兴时期最完美的代表"，是人类历史上绝无仅有的全才，他最大的成就是绘画，他的杰作《蒙娜丽莎》、《最后的晚餐》、《岩间圣母》等作品，体现了他精湛的艺术造诣。他认为自然中最美的研究对象是人体，人体是大自然的奇妙之作品，画家应以人为绘画对象的核心。 拓展资料： 人物生平：1452年的4月15日(儒略历)，达·芬奇出生在夜幕降临三个小时后"在芬奇的托斯卡纳小山镇，阿尔诺河流过的山谷附近，当时这个地方是美第奇家族统治下的佛罗伦萨共和国的领地。达·芬奇的父亲叫瑟·皮耶罗·达芬奇，是佛罗伦萨的法律公证员，因此十分富有。他的母亲卡泰丽娜是农妇。达·芬奇是他们的私生子。达·芬奇并没有一个真正意义的姓，他的全名"Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci"意思是:"芬奇镇梅瑟·皮耶罗之子--列奥纳多"。他名字中的"ser"只表明他的父亲是一个绅士。 创作：当他在作坊学艺时 ，就表现出非凡的绘画天才。约1470年他在协助韦罗基奥绘制《基督受洗》时，虽然只画了一位跪在基督身旁的天使，但其神态、表情和柔和的色调，已明显地超过了韦罗基奥。据传，韦罗基奥为此不再作画。现存他最早的作品《受胎告知》是达·芬奇在没有老师的指导下，独立完成的一件作品。除了有一点自由构思外，这幅画的场景都是达·芬奇遵循一般的透视画法来构思的。 成就：最初，人们学习科学知识也只是学习像《圣经》一样的亚里士多德理论，只相信文字记载。达·芬奇反对经院哲学家们把过去的教义和言论作为知识基础，他鼓励人们向大自然学习，到自然界中寻求知识和真理。他认为知识起源于实践，应该从实践出发，通过实践去探索科学的奥秘。

达芬奇的简介如下： 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（1452—1519），是与拉斐尔，米开朗基罗齐名的意大利文艺复兴三杰之一，是一位画家、寓言家、雕塑家、发明家、哲学家、音乐家、医学家、生物学家、地理学家、建筑工程师和军事工程师。著有画作《蒙娜丽莎》、《最后的晚餐》。 达芬奇的代表画作： 1、油画 《蒙娜丽莎》（《Mona Lisa》）、《圣耶若姆》（未完成）、《吉内薇拉·班琪》、 《音乐家肖像》（未完成）、《抱银鼠的女子》、《额饰女郎》、《戴珍珠头饰的夫人像》、 《拈花圣母》、《哺乳圣母》、《柏诺瓦的圣母》、《加罗法诺的圣母》、《岩间圣母》、 《纺车边的圣母》、《圣母子与圣安妮》、《受胎告知》、《博士来拜》（未完成）、 《基督受洗》（合作）、《施洗者圣约翰》、《酒神巴卡斯》、《莉妲和天鹅》（原画遗失）、 《维特鲁威人》、《世界的救世主》 2、壁画 《最后的晚餐》、《安吉亚里之战》（未完成） 扩展资料： 达芬奇个人轶事： 睡眠法 画坛泰斗达·芬奇是一位刻苦勤勉、惜时如金的人，他创造的定时短期睡眠延时工作法甚为人们所称道。这一方法是通过对睡与不睡的硬性规律性调节来提高时间利用率，即每工作4小时睡15分钟。这样， 一昼夜花在睡眠上的时间累计只有不足1.5（24/4.25*1/4=1.41）小时，从而争取到更多的时间工作。 前几年，意大利著名生理学家克拉胡迪奥·斯塔皮参照达·芬奇的方法，对一位航海运动员进行了长达两个月的类似睡眠试验。经测试，受试者的逻辑思维和记忆运算等能力均完好无损。这说明达·芬奇睡眠法不仅能满足机体代偿功能的需要，而且还预示着利用人体生理潜力的广阔发展前景。 然而，有趣的是，在20年前，一位画家就这一方法进行了亲身试验，证实了它的有效性。可是不到半年时间，他又回到正常的8小时睡眠上来。谈及各种原因，画家不无幽默地承认自己并非天才，更不知道这些多出来的时间该如何打发。 达·芬奇睡眠法也被称为多相睡眠、Uberman睡眠或多阶段睡眠，是一种将人类习惯的单睡眠过程分散成多个睡眠周期进行，以达成减少睡眠时间的睡眠方式。 参考资料来源：百度百科-达·芬奇 （文艺复兴三杰之一）

列奥纳多达文西
双语对照


词典结果：
Leonardo da Vinci
（达）芬奇(1452-1519，意大利文艺复兴时期伟大画家，雕刻家，建筑学家);

以上结果来自金山词霸
百科释义
达芬奇 (Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519)是文艺复兴时期作卓越的代表人物，他的成就和贡献是多方面的。达芬奇出生在佛罗伦萨附近的一个小镇——芬奇镇。他是一位天才，他一面热心于艺术创作和理论研究，他研究如何用线条与立体造型去表现形体的各种问题；另一方面他也同时研究自然科学。达芬奇是意大利文艺复兴时期最伟大最著名的巨匠，他不仅是一位天才的画家，并且是大数学家、科学家、力学家和工程师，是一位多才多艺、全面发展的人。他有着多方面的才能，对人类作出过多方面的贡献。他不仅会画画，雕塑，建筑房屋，还会发明武器，设计过世界上第一个飞行机、他又是一个医学家、音乐家和戏剧家，而且在物理学…
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例句:

1.
Famous nappers have included bill clinton lance armstrong leonardo davinci and thomas edison.
爱打瞌睡的人中有些相当有名，包括美国总统克林顿、兰斯阿姆斯特朗、达芬奇和托马斯爱迪生等。

2.
Leonardo da vinci had talked about this, says nilsson, but watkins wastaking it further.
里昂那多达芬奇曾提及这个问题，尼尔森说，但沃特金斯则更进一步。

3.
Using computer scans she found that the face on the turin shroud and aself portrait of leonardo da vinci share the same dimensions.
她在使用计算机扫描之后发现，都灵裹尸布的遗像与列奥纳多达芬奇的自画像具有诸多相同的特点。

4.
To learn more about human anatomy, leonardo da vinci secretly dissectedcorpses.
为了得知更多人体解剖学的相关知识，达文西暗地里解剖尸体。

5.
The roman physician galen observed that images received by the two eyesare slightly different, as did leonardo da vinci many centuries later.
罗马医生盖伦观察说两个眼睛观察到的景象是不一样的，而关于这一点几个世纪后莱昂纳多达芬奇也发现了。